SISTEMATIKA PENYUSUNAN AL-QUR’AN: Telaah Terhadap Susunan Ayat pada Surat Al-Fatihah Perspektif Muhammad Mahmud Hijazi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24235/diyaafkar.v11i1.12735Keywords:
Systematics, Tartib al-Ayat, Mahmud Hijazi, Surah Al-Fatihah.Abstract
This study describes a discussion of how Ulama and Al-Qur'an scholars respond to accusations directed at Islam, especially against the Al-Qur'an by orientalists and/or Western scholars. One of the Mufassir who responded to these accusations is Mohammed Mahmud Hijazi with a work entitled al-Wihdah al-Mawdhu’iyyah fi al-Qur'an. Among their doubts is the statement that the arrangement of the Qur’an is not systematic, which is not in accordance with the systematic arrangement that is developing today. So in an effort to answer this the author focuses on the composition of the verses in surah al-Fatihah, because the surah is known as Umm al-Kitab and Fatih al-Kitab which are considered as the faces of all the contents contained in the Qur’an. The library method and a descriptive-qualitative approach is used in this research to facilitate the research process from data related to the research topic. From the Hijazi interpretation of sura al-Fatihah, it can be concluded that in the first verse it is considered as the preamble, then praise to the One who gives favors (ie) the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful, then an explanation of His oneness which as a servant must worship Him, and He also explained how to ask for these instructions and then finally closed with an explanation of the rewards for previous people who did not follow the instructions He had given, namely those who were on a path that He did not want (a misguided path). From this explanation, isn't the arrangement of the verses in accordance with the systematic arrangement that can be found today, namely the arrangement that is systematic and neatly arranged.
Penelitian ini memaparkan pembahasan tentang bagaimana ulama dan para pengkaji Al-Qur’an menjawab tuduhan yang diarahkan kepada Islam khususnya terhadap Al-Qur’an oleh para orientalis dan atau sarjana Barat. Salah satu ulama tafsir yang menjawab tuduhan tersebut ialah Muhammad Mahmud Hijazi dengan karya yang berjudul al-Wihdah al-Mawdhu’iyyah fi al-Qur'an. Di antara keraguan mereka ialah pernyataan akan tidak sistematisnya penyusunan al-Qur’an, yang mana sistematika tersebut tidak sesuai dengan sistematika penyusunan yang berkembang pada zaman ini. Sehingga dalam upaya menjawab hal tersebut penulis memfokuskan pada susunan ayat dalam surat al-Fatihah, karena surat tersebut dikenal dengan Umm al-Kitab dan Fatih al-Kitab yang di dalamnya dianggap sebagai wajah dari seluruh isi yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an. Metode kepustakaan dan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini guna mempermudah proses penelitian dari data-data yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Dari penafsiran Hijazi atas surat Al-Fatihah dapat didapatkan simpulan bahwa pada ayat pertama dianggap sebagai mukadimah, selanjutnya pujian kepada Dzat pemberi nikmat (yaitu) yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang, lalu penjelasan akan sifat keesaan-Nya yang mana sebagai seorang hamba haruslah menyembah kepada-Nya, dan Dia juga menjelaskan bagaimana cara untuk meminta petunjuk tersebut kemudian pada akhirnya ditutup dengan pemaparan akan ganjaran bagi umat sebelumnya yang tidak mengikuti petunjuk yang telah Allah berikan, yaitu orang-orang yang berada di jalan yang tidak dikehendaki (jalan yang sesat). Dari penjelasan tersebut bukankah susunan ayat tersebut sesuai dengan sistematika penyusunan yang dapat ditemukan pada zaman sekarang, yaitu penyusunan yang sistematis dan tersusun rapi.
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