Analisis Dan Kritik Pada Pandangan Joseph Schacht Terhadap Hadis Dan Hukum Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24235/jshn.v2i1.6741Abstract
Joseph Schacht ialah seorang orientalis yang sangat terkenal dalam kajian hukum Islam. Definisi sunnah menurut pandangan Schacht sebagai konsepsi Arab kuno yang berlaku kembali sebagai salah satu pusat pemikiran dalam Islam. Schacht menilai lebih berarti pada praktek ideal dari komunitas setempat atau doktrin yang muncul ke permukaan. Menurut Schacht hukum Islam bukan sebagai seperangkat norma yang diwahyukan, tetapi sebagai fenomena historis yang berhubungan erat dengan realitas sosial. Schacht juga menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar hukum Islam, termasuk sumber-sumbernya, merupakan akibat dari sebuah proses perkembangan historis. Schacht berpendapat bahwa pada awal abad kedua hijriah merupakan era di mana, hukum Islam memiliki titik tolak, yang terus berkembang hingga periode tulis menulis. Gagasan Schacht ini mendapatkan kritik dari berbagai kalangan, baik dari kalangan sarjana muslim maupun sarjana non muslim.
Kata Kunci: Sunah, Hukum Islam, Skeptisme
Abstract:Â Joseph Schacht is an orientalist who looks at the sources of the Muslims with the critical power and skepticism. Schacht defines sunnah as conceptions of ancient Arabic which apply to the centers of Islamic thought. He considers that sunnah is more meaningful as the ideal practice of the local community or as the doctrine that came to the surface. He thinks that Islamic law is not a set of norms that were revealed, but as a historical phenomenon that is closely related to social reality. Schacht concludes that the majority of Islamic laws, including its sources, are the result of historical development process. He also asserts his opinion that only in the early second century Hijriyyah Islamic law had a starting point and developed. His view reaps some criticism from many circles both the orientalists as well as Muslim scholars, and influences to modern scholars.
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Keywords: Sunnah, Islamic Law, SkepticismReferences
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