Nilai Historis-Sosiologis Bendera Macan Ali dan Dunia Mistik Masyarakat Cirebon (Memaknai Ulang Konsep Islam Kejawen)

Authors

  • Afifi Hasbunallah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24235/tamaddun.v7i2.5502

Abstract

Abstract

Syncretism is a central issue for understanding the concept of Kejawen Islam. The intended syncretism is syncretism that appears independently as part of discursive differences originating from the same religion and culture. Syncretism in Kejawen Islam is a form of penetration of Islam as the dominant culture into the Kejawen culture which combines Hindu-Buddhist concepts which tend toward mystics. This can be seen in the Macan Ali flag which uses the tiger as a symbol of the greatness of the Cirebon Sultanate. This believe is living because tiger is a sacred mystical animal which existed before Islam entered Java, and still believed to this day.

Keywords: Syncretism, Mysticism, Islam Kejawen, Macan Ali, Cirebon

 

References

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abimanyu, Soedjipto. Babad Tanah Jawi, Jogjakarta, Laksana, 2014.

Al-Qurtubi, Sumanto. Arus Cina-Islam-Jawa; Bongkar Sejarah atas Peranan Tionghoa dalam Penyebaran Islam di Nusantara Abad XV & XVI. Yogyakarta: Inspeal Ahimsa-karya Press, 2003.

Irianto, Bambang. Bendera Cirebon (Umbul-Umbul Caruban Nagari); Ajaran Kesempurnaan Hidup. Jakarta: Museum Tekstil Jakarta, 2012.

Beatty, Andrew. Varieties of Javanese Religion; an Anthropological Account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. dan Argyle, Michael. The Psychology of Religious Behaviour, Belief and Experience. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1997.

Brittlebank, Kate. “Sakti and Barakat: The Power of Tipu's Tiger. An Examination of the Tiger Emblem of Tipu Sultan of Mysore.†Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (1995), 257-269.

Brumund, Jan F. G. ‘Bijdragen tot de Kennis van het Hindoeïsme op Java.’ Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Vol. 33, No. 1 (1868), 1-309.

Boogert, Jochem van den. Rethinking Javanese Islam; Towards New Descriptions of Javanese Traditions (Disertasi, Leiden University, 2015).

Boomgaard, Peter. Frontiers of Fear; Tigers and People in the Malay World, 1600–1950. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.

Canetti-Nisim, Daphna. Two Religious Meaning Systems, One Political Belief System: Religiosity, Alternative Religiosity and Political Extremism. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003), 35-54.

Coski, John M. The Confederate Battle Flag: A History of America's most Embattled Emblem. London: Harvard University Press, 2006.

Daniels, Timothy. Islamic Spectrum in Java. New York: Routledge, 2016.

Endraswara, Suwardi. Mistik Kejawen; Sinkretisme, Simbolisme, dan Sufisme dalam Budaya Spiritual Jawa, Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2004.

--------, Agama Jawa; Ajaran, Amalan, dan Asal-Usul Kejawen. Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2018.

Gengsheng, Bai. "Nakhi Tiger Myth in its Context." Oral Tradition, Vol. 16, No. 2 (2001), 240-263.

Gitlin, Todd. The Intellectuals and the Flag. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

Jewett, Robert. dan Collora, Constance. “On Turning the Flag Into a Sacred Object.†Journal of Church and State, Vol. 37, No. 4 (1995), 741-752.

Leopold, Anita M. dan Jensen, Jeppe S. (ed). Syncretism in Religion. New York: Routledge, 2014.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. Boston: Beacon Press, 1948.

McKim, Robert. Religious Ambiguity and Religious Diversity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Morris, Charles W. (ed) Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934.

Mulder, Niels. Mysticism in Java; Ideology in Indonesia. Amsterdam: The Pepin Press, 1998.

Pratisti, Siti Aliyuna. Truce and Tolerance: Syncretism of Islam and Java Revisit. Makalah dalam International Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (2017), Atlantis Press.

Rahman, Arief Aulia. “Akulturasi Islam dan Budaya Masyarakat Lereng Merapi Yogyakarta: Sebuah Kajian Literatur.†Jurnal Indo-Islamika, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2012), 157-182.

Ricklefs, Merle C. Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and Other Visions, c. 1830-1930. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2007.

Roy, Srirupa. "A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906-2002.†The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 65, No. 3 (2006), 495-527.

Shanafelt, Robert. “The Nature of Flag Power: How Flags Entail Dominance, Subordination, and Social Solidarity.†Politics and the Life Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 2 (2008), 13-27.

Shasangka, Damar. Induk Ilmu Kejawen: Wirid Hidayat Jati, Jakarta: Dolphin, 2014.

Stange, Paul. Kejawen Modern; Hakikat dalam Penghayatan Sumarah. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2009.

-------- “The Logic of Rasa in Java.†Indonesia, Vol. 38 (1984), 113-134.

Sudiana, Dadan. "Analysis of Macan Ali Symbols of Sultanate Cirebon." Bandung Creative Movement (BCM) Journal, Vol. 1, No.1 (2014).

Susetya, Wawan. Kontroversi Ajaran Kebatinan, Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2007.

Suyono, Capt. R. P. Dunia Mistik Orang Jawa; Roh, Ritual, Benda Magis. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2007.

Wessing, Robert. “A Change in the Forest: Myth and History in West Java.†Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1993), 1-17.

--------, “The Last Tiger in East Java: Symbolic Continuity in Ecological Change.†Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 54, No. 2 (1995), 191-218.

Woodward, Mark. Java, Indonesia and Islam. New York: Springer, 2011.

Varisco, Daniel Martin. Islam Obscured: The Rhetoric of Anthropological Representation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Vöröš, Sebastjan. “Demystifying Consciousness with Mysticism? Cognitive Science and Mystical Traditions.†Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, Vol. 11, No. 4 (2013), 391-399.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-01

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Tamaddun : Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work