DARI ATRIBUSI STRUKTURAL KE VERIFIKASI KORELATIF: Reinterpretasi Harald Motzki atas Common Link dalam Rekonstruksi Historis Hadis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24235/nge5aa56

Keywords:

Harald Motzki; common link; isnād; isnād-cum-matn analysis; rekonstruksi historis hadis.

Abstract

The historicity of hadith in modern scholarship partly depends on the extent to which isnād structures can be used to reconstruct the origins and transmission of a report. This article examines Harald Motzki’s reinterpretation of G. H. A. Juynboll’s common link theory and its implications for the epistemic status of isnād, particularly the common link, single strand, and diving strand. The study employs a qualitative literature review using content and comparative analysis of Juynboll’s and Motzki’s works together with relevant secondary studies. The analysis proceeds through identification, categorization, comparison, and interpretive synthesis of isnād structures and isnād-matn relationships. The findings show that Motzki does not discard the evidentiary value of the common link, but separates a transmitter’s structural position from his historical function. A common link is not automatically an originator or fabricator; it may function as a transmitter-collector whose historical role must be tested through correlations among isnād routes, matn variants, sources, and transmission patterns. Consequently, single strands and diving strands cannot be treated as automatic evidence of authenticity or fabrication, but as investigative indicators requiring further verification. This article conceptualizes the shift as a movement from a structural attribution model to a correlative verification model: from structure directly producing attribution to structure generating a hypothesis that must be tested through correlated evidence. The study concludes that isnād remains relevant as historical evidence, but its conclusions are probabilistic, critical, and open to revision.

Historisitas hadis dalam studi modern salah satunya ditentukan oleh sejauh mana struktur isnād dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi asal-usul dan proses transmisi suatu riwayat. Artikel ini mengkaji reinterpretasi Harald Motzki terhadap teori common link G. H. A. Juynboll dan implikasinya terhadap status epistemologis isnād, khususnya common link, single strand, dan diving strand. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis tinjauan pustaka dengan analisis isi dan analisis komparatif terhadap karya Juynboll, Motzki, serta studi terkait. Analisis dilakukan melalui identifikasi, kategorisasi, perbandingan, dan sintesis interpretatif terhadap struktur isnād dan relasi isnād-matan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Motzki tidak meniadakan nilai common link, tetapi memisahkan posisi struktural periwayat dari fungsi historisnya. Common link tidak otomatis merupakan originator atau fabricator, melainkan dapat berfungsi sebagai transmitter-collector yang statusnya harus diuji melalui korelasi antara jalur isnād, varian matan, sumber, dan pola transmisi. Konsekuensinya, single strand dan diving strand tidak dapat diperlakukan sebagai bukti otomatis autentisitas ataupun fabrikasi, tetapi sebagai indikator investigasi yang memerlukan verifikasi lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini merumuskan pergeseran dari model atribusi struktural menuju model verifikasi korelatif, yaitu dari struktur yang langsung menghasilkan atribusi menuju struktur yang membentuk hipotesis untuk diuji secara korelatif. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa isnād tetap relevan sebagai bukti sejarah, tetapi kesimpulannya bersifat probabilistik, kritis, dan terbuka terhadap revisi.

 

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References

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Published

2024-12-12

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How to Cite

Iskandar, A. (2024). DARI ATRIBUSI STRUKTURAL KE VERIFIKASI KORELATIF: Reinterpretasi Harald Motzki atas Common Link dalam Rekonstruksi Historis Hadis. Diya Al-Afkar: Jurnal Studi Al-Quran Dan Al-Hadis, 12(2), 367-395. https://doi.org/10.24235/nge5aa56

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