Integration of The Principles of Fiqh Muamalah With Customary Law in Land Sale and Purchase Practices in The Dayak Community of Central Kalimantan Integrasi Prinsip-Prinsip Fikih Muamalah dengan Hukum Adat dalam Praktik Jual Beli Tanah pada Masyarakat Dayak di Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This research examines the integration of the principles of Fikih Muamalah with customary law in the practice of buying and selling land in the Dayak community of Central Kalimantan. Land for the Dayak community is not only seen as an economic asset, but also as an ancestral heritage and cultural identity that is managed collectively. Problems arise when customary land is not fully accommodated in formal law, so it often causes disputes, especially when it intersects with corporate and government interests. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with primary data sources in the form of in-depth interviews with Damang Kepala Adat, Kerapatan Mantir Perdamaian Adat, religious leaders, and the community; as well as secondary data in the form of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES), Perda No. 16 of 2008, Pergub No. 13 of 2009, and related literature. The results show that there is an intersection between sharia principles such as huriyyatul 'aqad (freedom of contract), party competence, object clarity, and fairness in transactions with Dayak customary mechanisms, such as customary deliberations, land inventory and mapping, issuance of Land Certificate (SKT), and public announcement for 21 days. This integration creates a model of land sale and purchase that is religiously valid, recognized by the customary community, and has the force of positive law. This model has the potential to be a solution to customary land conflicts as well as an example of legal harmonization in other areas with strong customary communities.
Keywords: Fiqh Muamalah; Dayak Customary Law; Land Sale and Purchase.

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi prinsip fikih muamalah dengan hukum adat dalam praktik jual beli tanah di masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah. Tanah bagi masyarakat Dayak tidak hanya dipandang sebagai aset ekonomi, melainkan juga sebagai warisan leluhur dan identitas budaya yang dikelola secara kolektif. Permasalahan muncul ketika tanah adat tidak sepenuhnya terakomodasi dalam hukum formal, sehingga sering menimbulkan sengketa, terutama ketika bersinggungan dengan kepentingan korporasi dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan sumber data primer berupa wawancara mendalam dengan Damang Kepala Adat, Kerapatan Mantir Perdamaian Adat, tokoh agama, dan masyarakat; serta data sekunder berupa Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES), Perda No. 16 Tahun 2008, Pergub No. 13 Tahun 2009, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya titik temu antara prinsip syariah seperti huriyyatul ‘aqad (kebebasan berakad), kecakapan pihak, kejelasan objek, dan keadilan dalam transaksi dengan mekanisme adat Dayak, seperti musyawarah adat, inventarisasi dan pemetaan tanah, penerbitan Surat Keterangan Tanah (SKT), serta pengumuman publik selama 21 hari. Integrasi ini melahirkan model jual beli tanah yang sah secara agama, diakui masyarakat adat, dan memiliki kekuatan hukum positif. Model tersebut berpotensi menjadi solusi penyelesaian konflik tanah adat sekaligus menjadi contoh harmonisasi hukum di wilayah lain yang memiliki komunitas adat kuat.
Kata Kunci: Fikih Muamalah; Hukum Adat Dayak; Jual Beli Tanah.