Struktur dan Fitur Linguistik Pendahuluan Artikel Sastra: Studi Retorika pada JoLLA dengan Pendekatan Problem Justifying Project

• Ahmad Abdul Karim

  Universitas Negeri Malang, Jawa Timur

• Kusubakti Andajani

  Universitas Negeri Malang, Jawa Timur

• Moch Syahri

  Universitas Negeri Malang, Jawa Timur

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membedah pola retorika bagian pendahuluan artikel kajian sastra dalam jurnal JoLLA. Penelitian memanfaatkan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi teks yang bertumpu pada model Problem Justifying Project (PJP). Peneliti juga memanfaatkan teori ejaan, diksi, kalimat efektif, gaya bahasa, istilah asing, dan konsistensi untuk melihat konstruksi retorika. Sumber data penelitian 30 artikel kajian sastra yang dimuat dalam jurnal JoLLA. Data kajian berupa teks wacana struktur, kebahasaan, dan isi pendahuluan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pembacaan mendalam, pencatatan data relevan, serta studi literatur untuk memperkaya analisis. Teknik analisis data meliputi tabulasi, interpretasi, dan penarikan simpulan terhadap hasil interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola retorika bagian pendahuluan artikel kajian sastra dalam JoLLA mengikuti struktur retorika standar yang meliputi pengenalan topik, penentuan research gap, dan pernyataan tujuan penelitian. Para penulis artikel secara konsisten menggunakan strategi retorika untuk menarik perhatian pembaca, menegaskan relevansi penelitian, dan membangun kerangka konseptual. Namun, terdapat variasi penggunaan fitur linguistik, seperti pemilihan bahasa formal dan nonformal dan keberagaman tingkat eksplisitasi argumen. Temuan tersebut mencerminkan gaya penulisan yang adaptif dalam praktik publikasi ilmiah bidang sastra. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman terhadap pola retorika pendahuluan dan penggunaan fitur linguistik dapat menjadi acuan bagi penulis akademik, khususnya peneliti bidang sastra dalam menyusun pendahuluan artikel yang lebih sistematis, argumentatif, dan sesuai dengan konvensi penulisan ilmiah pada jurnal bereputasi. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai rujukan dalam pembelajaran penulisan akademik dan pengembangan pedoman retorika artikel ilmiah di perguruan tinggi.

Structure and Linguistic Features of Introduction to Literary Articles: Rhetorical Studies on JoLLA with a Problem Justifying Project Approach

This study was conducted to examine the rhetorical patterns of the introduction sections in literary studies articles published in the JoLLA journal. The research employed a qualitative approach and a text study method grounded in the Problem Justifying Project (PJP) model. In addition, the study utilized theories of spelling, diction, effective sentence construction, stylistic features, the use of foreign terms, and consistency to analyze the rhetorical construction of the texts. The data source consisted of 30 literary studies articles published in JoLLA. The research data comprised discourse texts related to the structural, linguistic, and content features of the introduction sections. Data collection was carried out through close reading, the documentation of relevant data, and a literature review to enrich the analysis. The data analysis techniques included tabulation, interpretation, and drawing conclusions based on the results of the interpretation. The findings indicate that the rhetorical pattern of the introduction sections in literary studies articles published in JoLLA generally follows a standard rhetorical structure consisting of topic introduction, identification of the research gap, and the statement of research objectives. The authors consistently employ rhetorical strategies to attract readers’ attention, emphasize the relevance of the study, and construct a conceptual framework. However, variations are observed in the use of linguistic features, such as the selection between formal and less formal language and differences in the degree of explicitness in argumentation. These findings reflect an adaptive writing style within the scholarly publication practices in the field of literary studies. The implications of this study suggest that an understanding of rhetorical patterns in introduction sections and the use of linguistic features can serve as a reference for academic writers, particularly researchers in literary studies, in composing more systematic and argumentative introductions that align with the conventions of scholarly writing in reputable journals. Furthermore, the results of this study may also be utilized as a reference in academic writing instruction and in the development of rhetorical guidelines for scientific articles in higher education.

1. Ahmad Abdul Karim, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jawa Timur
   Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang

Abdulai, R. T., & Owusu-Ansah, A. (2014). Essential Ingredients of a Good Research Proposal for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in the Social Sciences. Sage Open, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014548178

Abolhassanbeigi, R. (2025). How early-career researchers use citations to build arguments in their literature reviews? . Memorial University of Newfoundland.

Aijmer, G. (2020). Introduction: the idiom of violence in imagery and discourse. In Meanings of Violence (pp. 1–21). Routledge.

Almusaed, A., Almssad, A., & Yitmen, I. (2025a). Academic Writing Style and Rigor. In Practice of Research Methodology in Civil Engineering and Architecture (pp. 781–813). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97393-2_23

Almusaed, A., Almssad, A., & Yitmen, I. (2025b). Crafting Research Questions, Objectives, and Aims. In Practice of Research Methodology in Civil Engineering and Architecture (pp. 99–140). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97393-2_4

Almusaed, A., Almssad, A., & Yitmen, I. (2025c). Identifying Research Gaps. In Practice of Research Methodology in Civil Engineering and Architecture (pp. 35–66). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97393-2_2

Amalia, N. (2021). Penyuntingan Naskah. UMSU Press.

Amobonye, A., Lalung, J., Mheta, G., & Pillai, S. (2024). Writing a Scientific Review Article: Comprehensive Insights for Beginners. The Scientific World Journal, 2024, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7822269

Andana, F., & Azwandi, A. (2024). Moves and language expressions of conclusion section of thesis at postgraduate English education study program of Bengkulu University. Kajian Pendidikan, Seni, Budaya, Sosial Dan Lingkungan, 1(2), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.58881/kpsbsl.v1i2.4

Anthony, L. (1999). Writing research article introductions in software engineering: how accurate is a standard model? IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 42(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/47.749366

Arianto, M. A., Haq, M., & Jufrizal, J. (2023). Exploring the Strategies for Indicating Research Gaps Used by Authors in English Education Research Article Introductions. Lectura : Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v14i2.13434

Atmaja, H. (2016). Analisis Struktur Retorika Bagian Hasil dan Pembahasan Artikel Jurnal Bidang Berbahasa Indonesia Bidang Ilmu Sastra pada Jurnal “BISA” FKIP Universitas Bengkulu. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 150–156.

Azan, K., & Nizamuddin. (2021). Teknik Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah; Panduan Praktis untuk Dosen, Guru dan Mahasiswa. CV. DOTPLUS Publisher.

Banting, S. (2023). Humanistic Knowledge-Making and the Rhetoric of Literary Criticism: Special Topoi Meet Rhetorical Action. Written Communication, 40(1), 175–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883221133290

Bekker, M. (2024). Large language models and academic writing: Five tiers of engagement. South African Journal of Science, 120(1/2). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2024/17147

Brooks, B. S., & Pinson, J. L. (2022). The Art of Editing in the Age of Convergence. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003011422

Cargill, M., & O’Connor, P. (2021). Writing Scientific Research Articles: Strategy and Steps. John Wiley & Sons.

Celik, E., Gedik, N., Karaman, G., Demirel, T., & Goktas, Y. (2014). Mistakes encountered in manuscripts on education and their effects on journal rejections. Scientometrics, 98(3), 1837–1853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1137-y

Chan, V. C. (2025). Integrating generative artificial intelligence in a writing intensive course for undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 57, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2025.01.003

Chang, P., Chen, P.-J., & Lai, L.-L. (2024). Recursive editing with Google Translate: the impact on writing and error correction. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 2116–2141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2147192

Darlina, E., Wardhana, D. E. C., & Ariesta, R. (2021). Kajian Retorika Struktur Argumen Karya Tulis Ilmiah Siswa Hasil Ekstrakurikuler Karya Ilmiah Remaja SMA. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, Dan Asing, 4(1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1.1290

Darmalaksana, W. (2024). Penyusunan Latar Belakang Penelitian Dianggap Bagian Tersulit dalam Pembelajaran Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah. Gunung Djati Conference Series, 141–148.

Dewi, A., Silviany, I. Y., & Pratikno, H. (2023). Kemampuan Bernalar dan Pengembangan Alinea dalam Membuat Wacana Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Bandung. Jurnal Bastrindo, 4(2), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.29303/jb.v4i2.1255

Dinanti, N. F., Puspita, R., Armayani, S., Fitriani, W., & Arono, A. (2021). Gaya Retorika Bagian Metodologi Penelitian Pada Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi Bidang Sosiologi. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(2), 134–141.

Dirgeyasa, I. W. (2017). College Academic Writing A Genre-Based Perspective. Prenada Media.

Duszak, A. (1994). Academic discourse and intellectual styles. Journal of Pragmatics, 21(3), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(94)90003-5

Elyana, K. (2025). Analisis Penggunaan Frame Markers, Transitions, dan Sequence Markers dalam Penulisan Ilmiah Mahasiswa. Adjektiva: Educational Languages and Literature Studies, 8(1), 30–38.

Eneste, P. (2013). Buku Pintar Penyunting Naskah-Edisi Kedua. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Fadhly, F. Z., Solihat, D., Wihadi, M., Taufiqulloh, T., Fauzan, U., Manan, N. A., & Manan, N. A. (2026). Enhancing academic writing pedagogy for university students in AI age: Insights from a Delphi-based framework. Studies in English Language and Education, 13(1), 229–246.

Fitriyana, R., & Muspawi, M. (2024). Peran Latar Belakang Penelitian dalam Mengembangkan Kerangka Teoritis Kajian Literatur. EDU RESEARCH, 5(4), 185–194.

Galvan, M. C., & Galvan, J. L. (2024). Writing Literature Reviews. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003317098

García, O., & Solorza, C. R. (2021). Academic language and the minoritization of U.S. bilingual Latinx students. Language and Education, 35(6), 505–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2020.1825476

Gastel, B., & Day, R. A. (2022). How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.

Granger, S., & Larsson, T. (2021). Is core vocabulary a friend or foe of academic writing? Single-word vs multi-word uses of thing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 52, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2021.100999

Gunawan, H. (2019). Analisis Struktur Retorika Bagian Latar Belakang Skripsi Mahasiswa Program Studi Sistem Informatika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(1), 27–41.

Hames, I. (2008). Peer review and manuscript management in scientific journals: guidelines for good practice. John Wiley & Sons.

Hyland, K. (2005a). Metadiscourse: Exploring interaction in writing. Continuum.

Hyland, K. (2005b). Metadiscourse: Exploring interaction in writing. Continuum.

Jaxa, N. P. (2024). Pedagogical Stylistics: Teaching isiXhosa Poetry at Further Education Training Phase Using Text World Theory Approach. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 7(1), 118–133. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2024.8

Judijanto, L., Wibowo, G. A., Hakpantria, H., Nuryanneti, I., Apriyanto, A., Firdaus, A., & Efitra, E. (2024). Karya Tulis Ilmiah: Panduan Praktis Menyusun Karya Tulis Ilmiah. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

Keraf, G. (2004). Komposisi: Sebuah Pengantar Kemahiran Berbahasa. Flores: Nusa Indah.

Klarer, M. (2023). An introduction to literary studies. Routledge.

Kurniawan, H., Hakim, L., Sanulita, H., Maiza, M., Arisanti, I., Rismawan, M., & Amalia, M. M. (2023). Teknik Penulisan Karya Ilmiah: Cara Membuat Karya Ilmiah yang Baik dan Benar. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

Leacock, C., Chodorow, M., Gamon, M., & Tetreault, J. (2014). Automated grammatical error detection for language learners. Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Matayeva, A., & Alimbayev, A. (2025). The Pragmatic Paradigm in Literary Studies: Theoretical Aspects and New Opportunities to Study Literary Texts. Language and Literature: Theory and Practice, 4(3), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.52301/2957-5567-2025-4-3-55-66

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. California: SAGE Publications.

Morris, C., Deehan, J., & MacDonald, A. (2024). Written argumentation research in English and science: a scoping review. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2356983

Muhtadin, M. (2017). Struktur retorika Dan fitur linguistik bagian pendahuluan artikel jurnal penelitian berbahasa Indonesia bidang ilmu hukum. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(2), 123–134.

Nabilla, C., Gusmuliana, P., Apriani, E., Harmi, H., Esmianti, F., Syafryadin, S., & Sanjaya, H. K. (2026). Enhancing students’ critical thinking in writing through the implementation of AI-assisted paragraph writing technology. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0318030

Naini, I., & Ulya, R. H. (2025). Reasoning Patterns and Sentence Construction Errors in Students’ Scholarly Articles: A Content Analysis of Academic Writing in Padang City. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(2), 2786–2796. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v17i2.7447

Nicholson, J. D., LaPlaca, P., Al-Abdin, A., Breese, R., & Khan, Z. (2018). What do introduction sections tell us about the intent of scholarly work: A contribution on contributions. Industrial Marketing Management, 73, 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.02.014

Oktapiani, R., Effendi, M. S., & Murti, S. (2021). Analisis Gaya Retorika dan Penggunaan Diksi Bagian Pendahuluan Artikel Jurnal Silampari Bisa. Kajian Sastra Nusantara Linggau, 1(2), 46–55.

Oktrifianty, E. (2021). Kemampuan Menulis Narasi di Sekolah Dasar (Melalui Regulasi Diri, Kecemasan dan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman). CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher).

Polat, A. (2025). Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research: Common Pitfalls and Practical Insights for Academic Writing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251372835

Pujiyanti, I. A., & Arsyad, S. (2018). Rhetorical Structure Analysis on Introduction Chapters of English Master Theses by Indonesian Postgraduate Students. Online Submission, 5(2), 143–164.

Purnawan, A., Margana, M., Putro, N. H. P. S., Rasman, R., & Fitrianingsih, I. (2024). Rhetorical Styles of the Theoretical Framework in Thesis Reports of English Language Education Students: Problems and Suggested Actions. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(1), 310. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i1.10376

Puspasari, F., Irwanto, I., Ramadhan, F., Mirza, M. R., & Maulana, M. R. (2025). Kemampuan Dasar Dalam Menulis Karya Tulis Ilmiah Mahasiswa Semester I Program Studi Teknik Elektro Di Universitas Pamulang. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Inovasi, 5(6), 208–221.

Puspita, N., & Susmita, N. (2024a). Keterampilan Menulis Intensif Kebahasaan: Pendekatan Berbasis Masalah untuk Penulisan Ilmiah. Pradina Pustaka.

Puspita, N., & Susmita, N. (2024b). Keterampilan menulis intensif kebahasaan: pendekatan berbasis masalah untuk penulisan ilmiah. Pradina Pustaka.

Rahim, A. R. (2020). Cara praktis penulisan karya ilmiah. Zahir publishing.

Robinson, K. A., Saldanha, I. J., & Mckoy, N. A. (2011). Development of a framework to identify research gaps from systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64(12), 1325–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.06.009

Rochma, A. F. (2025). Rhetorical analysis in scholarly texts: Insights into introduction and literature review patterns. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 15(1), 317–341. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v15i1.9095

Salsabilla, T. W., Maulina, M., & Syahriani, R. (2025). Students’ Perspective and Experiences of Using Grammarly in Writing Thesis Backgrounds. Journal of English Language and Education, 10(3), 674–685. https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v10i3.968

Sari, R., & Pebriani, R. A. (2025). Pelatihan Teknik Menulis Artikel dan Publikasi untuk Mahasiswa. Jurnal Surya Masyarakat, 7(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.26714/jsm.7.2.2025.215-226

Saryono, D. (2021). Seri Terampil Menulis Bahasa Indonesia: Paragraf. Bumi Aksara.

Saryono, D., Ibrahim, G. A., Muliastuti, L., Akbari, Q. S., Hanifah, N., Miftahussururi, M., & Efgeni, E. (2017). Materi Pendukung Literasi Baca Tulis. Gerakan Literasi Nasional, 1–31.

Saryono, D., & Setyawanto, A. (2024). Seri Terampil Menulis Bahasa Indonesia: Gaya Bahasa. Bumi Aksara.

Scarpa, F. (2020). Quality in Specialised Translation. In Research and Professional Practice in Specialised Translation (pp. 291–365). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51967-2_4

Sepni, L. (2016). Analisis Struktur Retorika dan Fitur Linguistik Bagian Pendahuluan Artikel Jurnal Penelitian Berbahasa Indonesia dalam Bidang Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(1), 43–53.

Serlin, M. F. (2022). Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Kalimat Dalam Abstrak Skripsi MahasiswaProgram Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Flores Tahun 2019-2021. Retorika: Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 3(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.37478/rjpbsi.v3i1.1892

Shan, G., Zhou, L., & Zhang, D. (2021). From conflicts and confusion to doubts: Examining review inconsistency for fake review detection. Decision Support Systems, 144, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113513

Soedjito, & Saryono, D. (2012). Tata Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia. Malang: Aditya Media Publishing.

Storm, S. (2025). Youth Are Literary Scholars: What Tracing Aesthetic Practices and Interpretive Scales Suggests for Disciplinary Literacy in English Language Arts. Reading Research Quarterly, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.70029

Sujito, S., & Muttaqien, W. M. (2016). Rhetorical pattern in argumentative essay writing by EFL students of Iain Surakarta. LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching, 13(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v13i2.172

Sukmawan, S. (2022). Bahasa Indonesia Sang Saka Budaya: Teroka Bahasa Berhulu Budaya. Media Nusa Creative (MNC Publishing).

Sun, S., & Crosthwaite, P. (2022). “Establish a niche” via negation : A corpus-based study of negation within the Move 2 sections of PhD thesis introductions. Open Linguistics, 8(1), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2022-0190

Sunendar, D. (2016). Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia.

Supartini, D., Solihah, S., & Isnaini, H. (2023). Problematika Kesalahan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Tataran Sintaksis. Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Umum, 1(2), 40–54.

Suryadi, S., & Arono, A. (2022). Gaya Retorika Bagian Metodologi Penelitian Pada Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi Bidang Sosial dan Humaniora. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 8(1), 1–11.

Swales, J. M. (1990a). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Swales, J. M. (1990b). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Swales, J. M. (2014a). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. In The Discourse Studies Reader (pp. 306–316). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.184.513swa

Swales, J. M. (2014b). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. In The Discourse Studies Reader (pp. 306–316). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.184.513swa

Tabrizi, H. H., & Hoorijani, S. (2025). On the Relationship between Critical Thinking and Argumentative Writing in EFL Programs. Journal of Studies in Language Learning and Teaching, 2(1), 108–152.

Tantawi, I. (2019). Bahasa Akademik Indonesia: Strategi Meneliti dan Menulis. Prenada Media.

Uhrig, K. (2015). Learning styles and strategies for language use in the context of academic reading tasks. System, 50, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.02.002

Umbas, R., & Jayantini, I. G. A. S. R. (2021). Diction and Message Logic in the Podcast of Deddy Corbuzier in Episode “Malih, Pesan Pedas Tuk Ade Londok.” RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 7(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.1.2902.50-57

Wahyunengsih, W., & Sari, A. A. P. (2023). Retorika Pendahuluan Proposal Penelitian Mahasiswa Jurusan Berbasis Agama Islam di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN). Jurnal Kommunity Online, 2(1), 11–20.

Wan, A., Wallace, E., & Klein, D. (2024). What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing? Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 7468–7484. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.403

Wang, Q., & Hu, G. (2024). Expressions of confusion in research articles: a diachronic cross-disciplinary investigation. Scientometrics, 129(1), 445–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04914-z

Wasmana. (2011). Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling. Sekolah Tinggi dan Ilmu Kependidikan Siliwangi.

Yanita, H. (2016). Analisis Struktur Retorika dan Penanda Kebahasaan Bagian Hasil dan Pembahasan Artikel Jurnal Penelitian Bisa FKIP UNIB untuk Bidang Pengajaran Bahasa. Diksa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 165–170.

Yasuda, S. (2023). What does it mean to construct an argument in academic writing? A synthesis of English for general academic purposes and English for specific academic purposes perspectives. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2023.101307

• PDF

The data that support this study are not publicly available due to [reasons e.g., privacy/ethical restrictions]. Data may be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Language Education and Literature

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.