AI-empowered Intercultural Third Place Construction: A Systematic Literature Review and Theoretical Framework Development in BIPA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v12i1.25140Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA), identity construction, intercultural communication, third placeAbstract
The ongoing problem of "cultural aphasia" in Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) programs is reported to demand innovative pedagogical methods. Although learners had gained linguistic proficiency, most still struggled with effective intercultural communication. Therefore, the reliance on Kramsch's theory of the "intercultural third place" enabled this systematic literature review to examine the needs and opportunities of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) to create dynamic cultural settings and support identity negotiation. The qualitative, theory-based analysis of 74 publications and 12 AI-generated intercultural scenarios focused on a three-part model that included context generation, cultural comparison, and identity construction. This was achieved using AI's strengths to foster immersion in intercultural settings. The results showed that AI served as both a technological and pedagogical companion in creating a "third place" of learning that alleviated cultural aphasia. Theoretically, this study extended Kramsch's Third Place theory into the digital age by integrating it with contemporary human-machine collaborative learning frameworks. Practically, the study provided BIPA teachers with a structured roadmap for designing AI-enhanced intercultural learning experiences, and supported Indonesia's cultural diplomacy goals through a more dialogic model of cultural diffusion. It also offered critical insights into the ethical boundaries of AI application in intercultural language education.
Konstruksi Intercultural Third Place Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis dan Pengembangan Kerangka Teoretis dalam Pembelajaran BIPA
Permasalahan cultural aphasia dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan penguasaan struktur linguistik belum tentu diikuti oleh kemampuan komunikasi lintas budaya yang memadai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah kerangka teoretis mengenai Intercultural Third Place berbasis kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) sebagai respons konseptual terhadap tantangan tersebut melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Berlandaskan teori Intercultural Third Place dari Kramsch, teori identitas budaya, serta kajian mutakhir tentang pemanfaatan AI dalam pendidikan bahasa, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis konstruksi teoretis. Melalui sintesis kritis atas 74 publikasi dan 12 skenario lintas budaya hasil AI, penelitian ini mengusulkan model tripartit yang terdiri atas generasi konteks, perbandingan budaya, dan konstruksi identitas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa AI memiliki potensi sebagai fasilitator teknologis sekaligus kolaborator pedagogis dalam menciptakan ruang pembelajaran lintas budaya yang dinamis, reflektif, dan aman bagi negosiasi identitas pembelajar. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini memperluas relevansi teori Third Place ke era digital dengan mengintegrasikannya dengan kerangka pembelajaran kolaboratif manusia-AI kontemporer. Secara praktis, penelitian ini memberikan peta jalan terstruktur bagi pendidik BIPA untuk merancang pengalaman belajar lintas budaya yang diperkuat AI, mendukung tujuan diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui model difusi budaya yang lebih dialogis, serta menawarkan wawasan kritis tentang batas etis penerapan AI dalam pendidikan bahasa lintas budaya.
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Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated and analysed during this systematic literature review study consist of publicly‑available published academic literature, AI‑generated intercultural scenario samples, and BIPA pedagogical practice reports. The literature analysed can be retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, SINTA, and CNKI databases. The AI‑generated scenario materials used for theoretical illustration are not publicly shared.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Huang Jianshi, Dadang Sunendar, Sumiyadi Sumiyadi, Vismaia Damaiyanti
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