Plagiarism, whether intentional or unintentional, constitutes a serious violation of academic integrity. It involves the use of ideas, text, data, or other forms of creative work such as tables, figures, and graphs without proper acknowledgment, and presenting them as original contributions. In this journal, plagiarism is identified when a manuscript demonstrates a similarity index of at least 20 percent without appropriate citation of the original sources.

If evidence of plagiarism is detected either before acceptance or after publication, the author will be given an opportunity to provide clarification. If the explanation is not considered satisfactory by the editorial board, the manuscript will be formally retracted. In addition, the author may be subject to sanctions, including a temporary restriction from submitting manuscripts to the journal for a period determined by the Editor or Editors.